我装了 fcitx 但只是作为带历史记录的剪切板用，平常打字（也包括现在回复你的帖子），都是用：

https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/google-input-tools/mclkkofklkfljcocdinagocijmpgbhab?hl=en

因为开着 hk 的梯子所以打字的输入速度还是很快的，我觉得应该要比任何需要安装的 linux 输入法还要快。

别的都不后悔，只后悔投胎

rust 适合用来开发轻量级 vmm ，cloud-hypervisor ，firecracker microvm 这种，公有云场景下非常注重安全性。

@kiracyan 是，老款的百兆网口的 tp 路由器可以单独关闭 dhcp ，新款的千兆网卡的都不支持，你用的是百兆 x 老款的那种吧？

@kuanat #32

dnf --installroot=/path/to/fedora_rootfs 这个确实不如 chroot /path/to/fedora_rootfs dnf ，dnf --installroot= 这种方式会导致 dnf history 时显示的 Command line 会包含 installroot 相关的几个参数，如果我一次性在命令行指定很多个包时后面的包会显示不出来，dnf --installroot= 更适合在空目录创建全新的 base rootfs 。

@zbinlin #29 可以，在我的这个使用场景下效果和 podman unshare 一样，你这个方法才是我发帖时最想得到的答案

@77ShiORi 这个是在开启无线桥接的情况下才能生效的，已经打算换小米路由器了，tplink 真是在退步，之前我用了好几年的老款 tplink 百兆路由器还支持单独关闭 dhcp ，新款居然不支持，真不知道他们产品经理是咋想的

@yanqiyu #24

dnf --installroot 应该是只需要 root 用户的，但是实测是不行的，不管是 fuse2fs -o fakeroot 还是普通的目录都报一样的错:

d@develop:~$ bwrap --dev-bind / / --unshare-user --uid 0 --gid 0 dnf --installroot=/home/d/.local/mnt/1/ --releasever=/ --config /etc/dnf/dnf.conf install vi
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:21 ago on Sun 30 Jun 2024 05:57:21 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
vim-minimal x86_64 2:9.1.158-1.fc40 fedora 806 k
Installing dependencies:
vim-data noarch 2:9.1.158-1.fc40 fedora 23 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages

Total size: 829 k
Installed size: 1.6 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
[SKIPPED] vim-data-9.1.158-1.fc40.noarch.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] vim-minimal-9.1.158-1.fc40.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
RPM: error: Unable to change root directory: Operation not permitted
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
Error: Transaction test error:
Errors occurred during test transaction.

d@develop:~$

@guo4224 #21
@yanqiyu #22

刚才又试了一下不用 fuse2fs -o fakeroot 这种方式挂载的目录，就用普通的目录作为 rootfs 会怎样，结果还是不行：

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.6 MB/s | 11 MB 00:06
Fedora 40 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0xA15B79CC:
Userid : "Fedora (40) <[email protected]>"
Fingerprint: 115D F9AE F857 853E E844 5D0A 0727 707E A15B 79CC
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-40-x86_64
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
RPM: error: Unable to change root directory: Permission denied
[Errno 13] Permission denied: '/home/d/.local/mnt/2/var/lib/dnf/rpmdb_lock.pid'
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
Failed to store expired repos cache: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/home/d/.local'
[Errno 13] Permission denied: '/home/d/.local'
d@develop:~$

@guo4224 #21
@yanqiyu #22

实际上 setuid 是无法满足我的这个需求的，原因跟我 #8 楼说的一样，比如我给 python 设置了 s 标志:

chmod u+s /usr/bin/python3.12

然后执行 dnf:

d@develop:~$ dnf --installroot=/home/d/.local/mnt/0/ --releasever=/ --config /etc/dnf/dnf.conf install tar
Config error: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/home/d/.local/mnt/0/var': '/home/d/.local/mnt/0/var'
d@develop:~$

@0o0O0o0O0o #19 用 podman 比 docker rootless 更好，主要有以下 2 点

1 ，podman 的安装比 docker rootless 更方便，一条 dnf 命令搞定
2 ，docker 貌似没有类似 podman 的 unshare 子命令，用 docker 的话我就必须再依赖一个 fedora 的 container ， 还要做个目录共享，例如：

docker run --name fedora4 -itd -p 2223:22 -v /home/d/.local/mnt/0/:/mnt/0 fedora:latest

然后用如下命令来实现：

docker exec -it fedora4 dnf --installroot=/mnt/0/ --releasever=/ --setopt=reposdir=/etc/yum.repos.d/ --setopt=cachedir=/var/cache/dnf --config /etc/dnf/dnf.conf install tar


如果用 bwrap 也能做到类似 podman unshare 的效果的话我也很乐意尝试一下，但暂时不打算研究了。

@yanqiyu 你的这种方法完美解决了我的问题：

podman unshare dnf --installroot=/home/d/.local/mnt/0/ --releasever=/ --config /etc/dnf/dnf.conf install tar

@sduoduo233 这个不提供 x86_64 架构下的安装包，而且我比较倾向于用 fedora 官方支持的工具来实现。

@0o0O0o0O0o fakeroot 的不是基于命名空间技术实现的，虽然可以用这个命令来骗过 dnf 命令， 让 dnf 命令不报那个需要特权用户的错，但执行到一半还是会报错：

d@develop:~$ fakeroot dnf --installroot=/home/d/.local/mnt/0 --releasever=/ --config /etc/dnf/dnf.conf install tcpdump
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:10 ago on Sun 30 Jun 2024 02:58:04 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
tcpdump x86_64 14:4.99.4-6.fc40 fedora 501 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total size: 501 k
Installed size: 1.2 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
[SKIPPED] tcpdump-4.99.4-6.fc40.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
RPM: error: Unable to change root directory: Operation not permitted
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
Error: Transaction test error:
Errors occurred during test transaction.

d@develop:~$

@dhb233 不行的，因为我是用

fuse2fs -o fakeroot ~/fedora.raw /path/to/fedora_rootfs

这种方式来挂载虚拟机的磁盘镜像的，这种方式就只能用普通用户来读写挂载目录的文件，用 root 用户反而没有读写的权限（所以用 sudo 肯定也不行）。

我觉得用基于命名空间的 root 用户是可以读写的，因为我把/path/to/fedora_rootfs 目录共享给 docker ，在 docker 内能用 root 用户读写这个目录，docker 的 root 用户就是通过命名空间技术映射到 host 的普通用户的。

@xscit 能具体一些吗？我就是想当伸手党才来问的，哈哈

@cccer 不是的，我用的 docker 是完全不需要 root 权限的：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless/

docker 服务都是用普通用户来运行的：

d@develop:~$ systemctl --user start docker
d@develop:~$ systemctl --user status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine (Rootless)
Loaded: loaded (/home/d/.config/systemd/user/docker.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/user/service.d
└─10-timeout-abort.conf
Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-06-29 18:44:10 CST; 19h ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com/go/rootless/
Main PID: 5727 (rootlesskit)
Tasks: 170
Memory: 912.4M (peak: 1006.0M)
CPU: 1min 17.179s
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/[email protected]/app.slice/docker.service

@Features 有道理，但是人和电脑还是有区别，电脑是可以随便压榨的（只要别超频），但人压榨的太狠还是会反抗的。